"HISTORY OF CRICKET"
As we all know, the history of cricket begins at the end of the 16th century. It originated in southeast England, was established as a sport in the United Kingdom in the 18th century, and developed globally in the 19th and 20th centuries. International matches have been played since the 19th century, and cricket's official Test matches are believed to have been played since 1877. Cricket is the second most popular sport in the world after association football. Internationally, cricket is governed by the International Cricket Council (ICC). ) There are over 100 countries and territories, but only 12 currently participate in Test cricket. The rules of the game are defined in the Rules of Cricket. Matches can take many forms, from one-day cricket lasting a few hours to Test matches lasting five days.
Origin of Cricket
Cricket was invented in Saxon or Norman times by children living in the Weald, a dense forest and open space in the provinces of Kent and Success in southeastern England. The first clear written reference is in the late 16th century. There is some speculation as to the game's origins, including that it was created in France or Flanders. The earliest reference among these speculations is from 1300 to the "Krieg and other games" attended by the future Edward II at Westminster and Newington. Some believe "creag" is the Old English word for cricket, but experts believe it is an early spelling of "craic", meaning "general fun and games". I'm here. It is generally accepted that cricket has survived as a children's game. The game was passed down from generation to generation until it became increasingly popular among adults in the early 17th century. Perhaps, considering that bowling is an ancient sport, cricket may have been derived from bowling by the intervention of the batsman trying to knock the ball away and prevent it from reaching the target. An early tool for playing in sheep pastures and clearings might have been a pile of wool (or a stone or a small piece of wood) for a ball. Other farm implements such as sticks, sticks or bats. A turnstile includes a stool, stump, or gate (such as a turnstile).
first explicit reference
In 1597 (Old Style - 1598 New Style) the game of croquet was mentioned in an English trial concerning a dispute over common lands in Guildford, Surrey. Coroner John Derrick, 59, gave evidence that when he attended the free school 50 years ago he had played ball with school friends at the site. Derek's account proves beyond reasonable doubt that the game was played in Surrey around 1550 and is the earliest widely accepted record of any mention of the game. The first mention of cricket as an adult sport was in 1611, when two men from Sussex were prosecuted. Because I play cricket on Sundays instead of going to church. In the same year, the dictionary defined cricket as a youth sport, indicating that adult participation was a more recent development.
Origin of the name "Cricket"
It is believed that many words may be the origin of the word "cricket". The earliest explicit reference spells it cricket. The name may be derived from the Middle Dutch krick(-e), meaning stick. Old English cricc or crick meaning crutch or walking stick, French croquet meaning wooden pole. The Middle Dutch click stall means a long, low chair in church used for kneeling. It is similar to the long, low wicket with two stumps used in early cricket. Heiner Gamester, an expert in European linguistics at the University of Bonn, said the word "cricket" comes from the Middle Dutch word for hockey, meth de (crik ket) sen (or "chasing with a stick"). The word cricket is derived from words used in southeastern England at the time. Many Middle Dutch words have their roots in the 15th century, during trading relations with the counties of Flanders, especially the Duchy of Burgundy. . Southern dialect of English.
Commonwealth
After the Civil War ended in 1648, the new Puritan government cracked down on "unlawful gatherings," especially noisy sports such as football. Their laws also required stricter observance of the Sabbath than before. Cricket's popularity may have declined during the Commonwealth period, as the Sabbath was the only free time for the lower classes. However, state fee-paying schools such as Winchester and St Paul's perform well. There is no actual evidence that cricket was specifically banned by Oliver Cromwell's government, and the mention of cricket during the Interregnum suggests that the authorities tolerated cricket as long as it did not lead to "violations of the Sabbath." ing. It is believed that during this period, ordinary nobles took up cricket by participating in village matches.
Gambling and News Coverage
Cricket flourished after the Restoration in 1660, and it is believed that cricket initially attracted gamblers to take high stakes. As some historians believe, a top game may have begun. In 1664, the "Knightly" Parliament passed the Gambling Act of 1664, which limited betting to £100, which was still a lot of money at the time, equivalent to about £16,000 today. By the end of the 17th century, cricket had become an important sport, as evidenced by newspaper reports of a "great match" played in Success in 1697, with high stakes of 50 guineas per team and 11-a-side Got this. It has become a gambling sport. The freedom of the press was granted in 1696 and cricket appeared in newspapers for the first time. But it took the newspaper industry a long time to be able to cover the game frequently, let alone comprehensively. In the first half of the 18th century, the media tended to focus more on betting than on games
Pattern and Players
The first Pattern were introduced to gambling when some gamblers decided to step up their game by forming their own teams, and the first "county teams" were formed after the Restoration in 1660. It is believed that it was specially formed when members of the nobility were employed. We have a 'local expert' from country cricket as an early professional player. The first known game in which a team used a county name was in 1709, but there is no doubt that such games had been prepared long before that. The match in 1697 was probably Sussex against the other counties. The most famous early patrons were a group of nobles and merchants active from around 1725, and perhaps as a result of the patronage, media coverage became more frequent at the time. paddy. These included Sir William Gage, 2nd Duke of Richmond, Alan Broderick and Edwin Stead. For the first time, individual players like Thomas Weimar were mentioned in the media.
Cricket expands beyond England
Cricket was introduced to North America through the British colonies in the 17th century, probably before it reached northern England. In the 18th century, it spread to other parts of the globe. It was introduced to the West Indies by colonists and to the Indian subcontinent in the first half of the century by East India Company sailors. Cricket was introduced to Australia almost as soon as colonization began in 1788. New Zealand and South Africa followed, arriving in the early 19th century. Despite upper class efforts to popularize cricket as a way to identify with it, it never caught on in Canada. Be with the "Motherland". Unlike Australia and the West Indies, the sport's popularity continued to decline in Canada between 1860 and 1960. While associated with the upper class movement in the public consciousness, the movement never became popular with the general public. I got to play baseball in the summer. During World War I, Canadian troops stationed in France played baseball instead of cricket.
Development of law
It is unclear when the basic rules of cricket such as bat and ball, wickets, pitch dimensions, overs and overs were developed. In 1728, the Duke of Richmond and Allan Brodick drafted the terms of a treaty to establish the rules of certain games. This has become a common feature when it comes to betting payouts and prize distributions, especially given the importance of gambling. The Rules of Cricket were first codified in 1744 and then revised in 1774, adding innovations such as weight, mid-stitch and maximum width of the bat. These laws provided that "the rector shall choose two judges from among the gentlemen present, who shall have absolute jurisdiction in all controversies." The constitution was drafted by the so-called Star and Garter Club, whose members eventually formed the Marylebone Cricket Club in the House of Lords in 1787. The MCC soon became the custodian of the law, which has since been revised and re-codified regularly.
England continues to grow
The sport continued to spread throughout England, with Yorkshire first mentioned as a playing surface in 1751. Bowling's original form, in which a ball is rolled along the ground like a bowl, dates back to some time after 1760, when bowlers began pitching and bowling. Study changes in line, length and speed. Has been replaced by scorecards, kept regularly from 1772 onwards. Since then, the evolution of the sport has become increasingly clear. The first famous clubs were London and Dartboard in the early 18th century. The London team played their games at the Artillery Ground, which still exists today. Others followed suit, notably Slinden of success, who was backed by the Duke of Richmond and featured star player Richard Newland. Other notable clubs include Maidenhead, Hornchurch, Maidstone, Seven oaks, Bromley, Addington, Hadlow and Chertsey. However, the most famous early club was Hambledon Club in Hampshire. It was originally a parish organization and first came to prominence in 1756. The club itself was founded in the 1760s and enjoyed such widespread patronage that it remained at the heart of the sport for nearly 30 years before the MCC was founded and opened. club. Lord's Cricket Ground in 1787. Hambledon produced some outstanding players, including the great batsman John Small and the first great fast bowler Thomas Brett. Their most famous rival was Chertsey and Surrey bowler Edward "Luppy" Stevens, who is believed to have been a major proponent of flying deliveries. The introduction of straight bats solved the problem of skipping or pitching. Older "hockey stick" style bats are only effective against balls that roll or skim along the ground. First-class cricket began in 1772. The three surviving scorecards from 1,772 games hosted by the Hambledon club began a statistical streak. All three matches are between Hampshire and England, with the first match being played at Broad Halfpenny Downs on June 24-25. Two of the leading online archives will begin first-class coverage of the game, designated "Best-in-Class No. 1." "1" by ESPNcricinfo and "f1" by Cricket Archive. Broad halfpence coins continued to be regularly used by Hambledon/Hampshire teams until 1781.
Cricket in the 19th century
This competition also established county clubs for the first time, and the organizational form underwent fundamental changes. All of the current county clubs were founded in Sussex in the 19th century, starting in 1839. When the first county clubs were formed when William Clark founded the touring All-England XI in 1846, they faced what amounted to a 'players action' problem. Although a commercial project, the team has done an excellent job of spreading the game to communities where it never existed before. Senior cricketers have also visited here. Other similar teams were formed, and the trend continued for about 30 years. But the county government and MCC won. The development of cricket in the mid to late 19th century was aided by the development of the railway network. For the first time, teams far apart could play each other without the need for time-consuming travel. Spectators may travel long distances before games, which may increase crowd sizes. Army units across the empire were given plenty of time, and locals were encouraged to organize fun competitions. With the exception of Canada, much of the Empire was devoted to cricket. Another bowling revolution led to the legalization of the arm game in 1864, the same year the Wisden Cricketers' Almanac was first published. W.G. Grace's long and influential career began at this time, and his exploits contributed greatly to the popularization of cricket. The innovations he introduced revolutionized the game, especially in batting.
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International cricket match begins
The first ever international cricket match was played in 1844 between the United States and Canada. The match was played at the St. George Cricket Club grounds in New York. In 1859 a team of top British professionals traveled to North America on the first ever overseas tour, and in 1862 the first British team visited Australia. From May to October 1868, the Australian Aboriginals visited England, becoming the first Australian cricket team to travel abroad. In 1877, Australia's England touring team played two matches against the Australian Rugby XI, in what is considered the first Test match. The following year saw the first Australian visit to England, the success of which ensured public demand for similar events in the future. No Tests were run in 1878, but soon Australia achieved a tense victory at the Oval in 1882, and the Ashe was born. In 1889, South Africa became the third Test nation.
National Championship
Domestic cricket experienced significant growth in 1890 when an official county championship was established in England. Shortly thereafter, in May 1894, the sport's first-class standards were officially established. This systematic effort has been replicated in other countries. Australia established the Sheffield Shield in 1892-1893. Other upcoming domestic competitions include South Africa's Currie Cup, New Zealand's Plank Shield and India's Renge Cup. In 1947, the International Cricket Federation redefined first-class status as a global concept. The period between 1890 and the outbreak of the First World War was a period of nostalgia as teams ostensibly played cricket in the "spirit of the game". But it was more realistic because it was a peaceful time ravaged by the First World War. This era is known as the Golden Age of Cricket, with the emergence of many great players such as Grace, Wilfred Rose, C.B. Fry, Ranji Ching and Victor Trumper .
Number of balls per round
Most standard 19th century catches consisted of four pitches. In 1889, the five-ball wheel was introduced in first-class cricket, and in 1900 the six-ball wheel became commonly used. During the 20th century, the 8-ball wheel was occasionally used in many countries, especially Australia. In South Africa and New Zealand, the size 8 ball was the standard length from 1918/19 to 1978/79. Six balls per round have been used around the world since the 1979/80 Australia and New Zealand season, with the latest rules only allowing 6 balls.
Development of International Cricket
Cricket was exported to other colonies around the world. The Imperial Cricket Conference was formed in 1909 with England, Australia and South Africa as its founding members. It was the original association established by the International Cricket Federation with Marylebone Cricket Club, the Australian Board of Control for International Cricket and Cricket South Africa. The move was intended to regulate international cricket between the three political parties, which were then seen as the only equals. In 1926, both New Zealand and the West Indies were admitted as members, enabling them to face rival teams in Test cricket. However, at that time in the West Indies, cricket was dominated by whites. Initially, the International Cricket Federation had no interest in promoting cricket's international profile. The organization is reluctant to invite non-Commonwealth countries to the Olympics. New Zealand were restricted from playing the three-day Test match. New Zealand and India were both Test participants before World War II, with Pakistan following in 1952. Pakistan's original proposal from 1965 expanded the scope of the ICC to include non-Testing countries and allow for associate membership. At the same time, the organization was renamed the International Cricket Council. The first limited-overs World Cup was held in the 1970s, with Sri Lanka becoming the first associate member to be promoted to Test matches in 1982. Since the ICC is primarily a Western organization, it is up to the founding nations to decide who can attend meetings. Or you can play Test cricket. There is no desire or attempt to create a group of partner nations to play in Test status. As a result, countries such as Sri Lanka were not allowed to participate until the 1980s. International gambling continues to grow with the introduction of associate membership. Membership level designed in 1984 for teams with less cricketing experience. In 1989, the International Cricket Council was renamed the International Cricket Council. Zimbabwe became a full member in 1992, Bangladesh in 2000, and Afghanistan and Ireland were admitted as Test parties in 2018, bringing the number of full ICC members to 12.
South Africa Moratorium (1970–1991)
The biggest crisis facing international cricket was caused by apartheid in South Africa. This situation began to show up for him in 1961, when South Africa left the Commonwealth and, according to the rules of the time, the South African Cricket Board had to withdraw from the International Cricket Conference (ICC). Protests against apartheid in cricket intensified in 1968 when South African authorities canceled the England national team's tour of South Africa after capes player Basil Dolivera joined the England squad. In 1970, members of the International Cricket Council voted to suspend South Africa from international cricket indefinitely. Eager to compete at the top level with the best players, the South African Cricket Board began sponsoring the so-called "Rebel Tour", providing significant funding for international cricket. The players teamed up to tour South Africa. The International Cricket Federation responded by blacklisting rebel players who agreed to travel to South Africa, banning them from participating in officially sanctioned international cricket. Due to the low wages of players in the 1970s, some players, especially those near the end of their careers, accepted invitations to go to South Africa, where being blacklisted seemed to have little impact. The rebel movement continued into the 1980s, and developments in South African politics since then made it clear that apartheid was ending. South Africa, now a "Rainbow Nation" under Nelson Mandela, returned to international sport in 1991.
World Cricket Series
Top cricketers' financial problems were also at the root of another cricket crisis in 1977, when Australian media mogul Kelly Packer ran into trouble with the Australian Cricket Commission over television rights. Taking advantage of the low wages paid to players, Parker retaliated by signing some of the world's best players into private cricket leagues outside of the International Cricket Organization. The World Series of Cricket has hired some of the banned South African players so that they can compete against other world-class players on the international stage. This division lasted until 1979, when "rebel" players were allowed to return to international cricket, but many found the national team continuing on without them. Long-term achievements of the World Series include significant increases in player wages and the introduction of innovations such as color kits and night games.
limited overs cricket
In the 1960s, English county teams began playing a form of cricket in which only one match was played per innings, with a limited number of overs per innings. From 1963, knockout-only competition began, limited-overs cricket became more popular, and the National League was established in 1969, resulting in a reduction in the number of county championship matches. Limited Strongman status is governed by official Group A classification. Many "traditional" cricket fans object to a shortened format, but limited overs cricket has the advantage of providing results to spectators within a day. This has undoubtedly increased cricket’s appeal to young people and busy people. It proved to be a commercial success. The first limited-overs international was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1971 to make up for the cancellation of the first day's Test match due to heavy rain. It was purely attempted as a way for players to get some exercise, but proved extremely popular. Since then, limited-overs internationals (LOIs or ODIs, i.e. one-day-only internationals) have grown into a very popular format, especially for busy people who want to watch a full match. The International Cricket Council responded by organizing the first Cricket World Cup in England in 1975, with all nations participating in Test matches.
21st century cricket
In June 2001, the ICC launched the "Test Championship Table" and in October 2002, the "One-Day International Championship Table". As the International Cricket Federation rankings show, cricket in all its forms remains the main competitive sport in most former British Empire countries (especially the Indian subcontinent) and new entrants including the Netherlands. In 2017, with the addition of Afghanistan and Ireland, the number of countries officially joining the ICC increased to 12. The International Cricket Federation has expanded its development program with the aim of producing more national teams capable of competing in different formats of the game. Development efforts are concentrated in African and Asian countries as well as the United States. The 2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup brought first-class cricket to 12 nations, most for the first time. Cricket's latest innovation is Twenty20, essentially nighttime entertainment. So far, the games have been well-received by large audiences and have enjoyed high TV ratings. The first ICC Twenty20 World Cup event was held in 2007. The establishment of the Twenty20 League in India, the unofficial Indian Cricket League starting in 2007, and the official Indian Premier League starting in 2008, have given rise to a lot of speculation in cricket-related circles. according to. Implications for the future of cricket. Formats shorter than Twenty20 are also played at the national level, such as the T10 format and the 100-ball format played in leagues organized by various associate and full members. Played hundreds of matches in England's major limited-overs format
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